PREPOSITION (kata depan)

Preposition adalah kata yang menunjukkan pertalian atau hubungan antara noun, atau antara pronoun dan kata-kata lainnya dalam suatu kalimat.

Contoh

My sister jumps into the pool

There are paintings on the wall

My shoes is under the table

My mom lives in Solo

Lisa threw a stone at the frog

They comes here before me

There are some secret between you and me

Dalam pemakaiannya, preposition tidak mempunyai pola/ketentuan yang pasti. Jadi kita hanya dapat mempelajarinya dengan cara menghafalkan pola pemakaian preposition tertentu, dan menirukan pembicara asli/native speakers dalam menggunakannya.

Berikut ini contoh-contoh pemakaian preposition

Perhatikan maksud dari penggunaan preposition dalam kalimat berikut

In

Position :

Budi is sleeping in his room

Kuta Beach is in Bali

There are many children in the yard

Condition :

They are sitting in the sun (maksudnya duduk di bawah sinar matahari)

Don’t go out in the rain (maksudnya jangan pergi saat hujan)

Are you in difficulties? (maksudnya menanyakan apakah kita sedang dalam kesulitan)

Time :

He got married in March

My mother was born in 1950

I go to school n the morning

Activity :

I spend my time in reading every evening

We must believe in God

In replay to your letter, my mother accompanies me

Into

Motion :

Those doctors walked into the operating theather.

At

Place :

He was at home. (maksudnya tidak di kantor atau di tempat lain)

They are at Sukoharjo.

Put the stamp at the top right corner of the envelope.

There is a drugstore at the corner of the market.

Time :

Mr. Hadi goes to the office at 7.30 in the morning.

People sent card at Idul Fitri day and New Year.

We say our prayer at the end of the lesson.

The thief came at midnight.

Occupation :

My father is at work.

We have bread at breakfast.

Price :

I  bought  a novel at Rp 50.000,00 rupiahs.

Direction :

Tono hit a bamboo at that cat.

Look at the whiteboad.

On

Place :

The dictionary is on the table.

The clock is on the wall.

Time :

We have flag ceremony on Sunday.

About :

Mrs. Nur gives a lesson on English.

I congratulated him on his cuccess.

Direction :

The army marched on the enemy’s capital.

Nearness :

There is a little house on the river.

The school is on your left hand.

To

Direction :

This is the road to my school.

Before:

This is ten minutes to six.

As far as:

Count from five to ten.

Indirect object:

Adi sends a parcel to his grandmother.

Result:

To my surprise he came to the party, although he was not quite well.

About:

The text tells about a young lady.

Kira-kira:

We will come at about 9 o’clock tonight.

Di sekeliling:

My teacher looks about him.

Di sekitar:

I put it somewhere about here.

Keliling:

The children were happy of wlking about the zoo.

After

setelah:

We will go camping after school.

Rini came after me at Rudy’s party.

Tentang

My grandfather asked after my sister.

Seperti:

The boy was called Amir after his father.

Between

Speaking of two persons or things ( di antara dua orang atau benda)

Fiki is sitting between Indah and Dewi.

The clock is between the map and the cupboard.

By

Before:

I will come by 10 o’clock in the morning.

Transport:

We go to school by bike.

Near:

At night those scout sit by the camp fire.

Oleh:

This book is written by Fauzil Adhim.

Dengan:

This garden is lighted by electricity.

For

Untuk:

This magazine is for you.

Length of time (panjangnya waktu):

We lived here for ten years.

Place of destination (tempat tujuan):

Those boys left for Bali.

Reason (alasan):

He was punished for coming late.

Purpose:

They will go out for walk.

cocok/sesuai:

walking is good for the heatlh.

From

A starting place:

I need ten minutes to ride a motorcycle from home to school.

Material:

This cake is made from sweet potato.

Place of origin:

This picture is from my friend.

Of

Possession:

The house of my uncle is new.

About:

Thell me about the text.

Cause:

Some people die of hunger.

Distance:

My school is about 100 meters of the railway station.

Bali is east of Java.

With

Instrument/tool:

He cut the cloth with the scissors.

Company:

Rudy plyed badminton with Rony.

Possession:

Who is the girl with the pink ribbon?

Manner:

Sinta greeted her friends with smile.

Material added:

The ground was covered with snow.

Concerning:

What do you want with her?

Kata-kata depan lainnya antara lain:

Ahead=kedepan

About=tentang

Above=di atas (tidak menempel)

Among=di antara (banyak benda/orang)

Away=menjauh

According to=menurut

Across=seberang

Behind=dibalik

Before=sebelum

Below=dibawah

Beside=disamping

Backward=mundur

Close to=dekat

Down=bawah

During=selama

Downwards=ke bawah

Front=depan

In front of=didepan

Instead of=daripada

Near=dekat

Next to=di sebelah

Outside=diluar

Over=di atas

Since=sejak

Side=sisi/samping

Sidewards=kea rah

To=kepada

Towards=kea rah

Till=sampai

Through=melalui/lewat

Up=atas

Until=sampai/hingga

Upside down=terbalik

With=dengan

Within=dalam

Without=tanpa

Under=dibawah

In the middle of=di tengah- tengah dari

In the centre of=di tengah-tengah dari

In the back of=di belakang dari

In accordance to=sesuai dengan

Etc.