CONDITIONAL SENTENCE (kalimat bersyarat)

Kalimat bersyarat terdiri dari 2 clauses/anak kalimat, yaitu:

IF clause, berisi syarat/condition

MAIN clause, berisi akibat/result

Contoh:

“if it rains, we should stay at home.” Yang menjadi IF clause adalah “if it rains”, sedangkan MAIN clausenya adalah “we should stay at home”

Ada 3 jenis kalimat bersyarat, 

1.      Probable condition, digunakan untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang mungkin terjadi jika syaratnya terpenuhi. Pola ini hanya dipakai untuk waktu yang akan dating saja.

Pola kalimat

MAIN clause---future tense (memakai will atau shall)

IF clause---present tense (memakai verb1)

Contoh:        

I will help  you if I can -- If I can, I will help you

They will not come if it rains -- If it rains, they will not come

He will meet me if he leaves earlier  -- If he leaves earlier, he will meet me  

2.      Improbable condition, digunakan untuk mengungkapkan hal yang kemungkinan terjadinya kecil, atau andaikan, atau barangkali saja terjadi di masa depan.

Pola kalimat

MAIN clause--- memakai kata would

 IF clause--- memakai past tense (verb2)

Ket:

Semua pronoun harus memakai were

Jika menyatakan keinginan harus memakai would

Jika menyatakan keharusan memakai should

Contoh

I would go now if it were not rains – if it were not rains, I would go now

I wouldn’t give you money if I were rich – if I were rich, I wouldn’t give you money

She should help her mother if she had a time – if she had a time, she should help her mother

3.      Improbable condition, digunakan untuk mengungkapkan hal yang tidak mungkin terjadi karena waktunya sudah lewat, atau membayangkan hal yang mungkin terjadi di masa lalu.

Pola kalimat

MAIN clause--- memakai kata would have atau should have

 IF clause--- memakai past perfect tense (had+verb3)

Contoh

I would have a good score if I had studied hard – if I had studied hard, I would have a good score

They should have won if they had worked hard -- if they had worked hard, they should have won

Note

Kata IF dalam conditional sentences tipe 2 dan 3 bisa dihilangkan

Contoh tipe 2

If it were not rains, I would go now à Were it not rains I would go now

if I were rich, I wouldn’t give you money à Were I rich I wouldn’t give you money

Contoh tipe 3

If I had studied hard, I would have a good score à Had I studied hard I would have a good score

If they had worked hard, they should have won à Had they worked hard they should have won

Kata IF dapat diganti dengan unless atau if not (jika tidak), tetapi kata kerjanya harus diganti menjadi positif

Contoh

He will be late If I don’t hurry à He will be late unless I hurry / unless I hurry he will be late

He won’t speak English if he doesn’t goes to England à He wouldn’t speak English unless he goes to England.

Kata IF dapat diganti dengan provided (asalkan, asalkan saja)

Contoh

I will come if you call me à I will come provided you call me

I will answer your letter if you sent me a letter à I will answer your letter provided you sent me a letter

Kata IF dapat diganti dengan but for ( seandainya bukan karena)

Contoh

If it were not rain, we will come earlier à But for the rain we will come earlier

Kata IF dapat diganti dengan suppose/supposing (andaikata, apa yang akan terjadi jika)

Contoh

Suppose I don’t like it, will you give me something else?

Supposing  you had not passed the exam, what would have happened?